The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors

The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The 21 Best News Roundups for Self-Publishing Authors The sheer measure of data that comes spilling out of the web each week can be overpowering - particularly when you’re living in the ever-advancing universe of independently publishing. To help smooth out your learning (and cut back on long periods of capricious perusing), we’ve set up a rundown of our preferred composition and independently publishing roundups.As we find new gatherings, we’ll be including and taking away sections from this rundown. On the off chance that you are aware of any extraordinary distributing related gatherings, let us know in the remarks beneath, and we may discover a spot for it on this page!General Publishing Roundups1. The Book DesignerJoel Friedlander’s site has for since quite a while ago been a safe house for book plan obsessives like us. It likewise flaunts a superb week after week blog roundup that reveals tips on composing, distributing, and - obviously - book design.2. The Digital ReaderLooking for a brisk shot of b ook news at the morning meal table?â Nate Hoffelder offers a craftsman mix of connections in his Morning Coffee gather together for perusers and distributing aficionados who can’t sit tight an entire week for their fix of distributing news. Look at probably the best news roundups for #selfpub creators 3. IndieReader We will routinely revive this page, so on the off chance that you are aware of a strong news roundup that shares data, tips, and exhortation forâ self-distributing creators, let us know in the remarks underneath!

Drawing to Painting Essay Example For Students

Attracting to Painting Essay This permitted the craftsmen to assemble fundamental thoughts and to concentrate on the subtleties of the work. Additionally in this inventive procedure the craftsman was known to utilize live models and the models were commonly male regardless of whether the figure the craftsman was attracting was to be female. Maybe one medium Raphael utilized was silvering on arranged pink paper that permitted the craftsman to depict a sensitive tonal impact. The craftsman may have additionally utilized red chalk as a medium which was utilized to impersonate the delicate tones of substance. Raphael at that point put the consequences of taking a gander at the figures of the live models into a synopsis structure of the creation and this helped him set up the lighting impacts and setting for the figural game plans. Two instances of this are Repeals work of Madonna and Child With the Infant Saint John the Baptist is an investigation Of the figures pyramidal gathering. Another progression Raphael may have utilized is drawing kid's shows, which were full-scale drawings. These drawings were important if the craftsman decided to paint frescoes which were done on wet mortar. Fresco is a troublesome medium that powers the craftsman to rapidly paint a little bit of mortar every day as the damp mortar and water-based hues dry rapidly. When appointing works of art or figures is was regular practice for the specialists to incorporate an attracting or running to help clarify the structure and its subtleties that was normal and were settled upon by the two gatherings. Drawings were likewise utilized as exhibition pieces for endorsement from benefactors and for use in workshops, and these were fundamentally finished in regard to the iconography. These sorts to drawings were utilized tort chiseling ventures and showed the system of the landmark (Renaissance Drawings: Material And Function, 2013). When painting the Alba Madonna Raphael utilized oil on wood which he at that point moved to canvas. The craftsman utilized oil paints for his works of art and at times wet mortar (for frescoes) alongside the IL paint. As referenced above, when doing frescoes the craftsman needed to work little territories of the artwork and work rapidly before the mortar and paint dried rapidly. Indication the craftsman drew before painting since he needed to ensure the components of the artistic creation were right. Additionally, maybe on the off chance that it was an appointed piece or work of art, at that point he could demonstrate his plans to the imminent customer and give them thought of tank he had at the top of the priority list to do. In Repeals painting of Alba Madonna think he is communicating heavenliness through the perfect excellence Of the figures Of Mary, Jesus and John. Maybe through the development that he demonstrates through the manner in which the Christ youngster is by all accounts tolerating the cross and the manner in which Mary is investigating the future that he is demonstrating the what might be on the horizon. I think her arm on Johns shoulder is a sort of acknowledgment of what is to come and understanding that John will clear the path for Christ. Do believe attracting to be a significant fine art. As referenced in a portion of the articles read about Raphael and his drawings, his drawings were here and there more nitty gritty than the real works of art he would take from the drawings. I think attracting permits a craftsman to investigate their thoughts thou focusing on them, on the grounds that once they start with the paint there is actually no returning.

When Are Anger Rooms Beneficial

When Are Anger Rooms Beneficial Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Print When Are Anger Rooms Beneficial? By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 11, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 20, 2020 South Agency / Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress There is a time and place for everything, the saying goes, and now there ’s a place to go when you’re so angry you’d just love to hurl a vase. While “escape rooms” are growing in popularity as an outlet for creative problem solving, “anger rooms” are popping up all over to offer an outlet for frustration. They are meant to be a place to break things when you’re angry, consequence-free (or so it would appear). In an anger room, you have the opportunity to destroy something without having to feel bad about it or even clean up afterward. “The Wrecking Club” in New York, for example, is billed as a place “where people come to smash stuff to pieces.” “The Break Room” near Atlanta, GA, and “The Anger Room” in Los Angeles, CA, offer similar experiences, as do many such clubs around the country that are growing in popularity and receiving rave reviews. These rooms are set up with breakable items for patrons to smash for a few minutes at a time. Blowing off steam makes many people feel better at the moment, but are these rooms healthy stress management strategies or effective for anger management in the long run? How do they compare to simply hitting a pillow or going to the gym to blow off steam? How to Deal With Anger in a Healthy Way What the Research Says There isn’t yet much specific research on whether these anger rooms can benefit you by lowering stress levels or increasing anger management skills; these places are relatively new. However, the idea behind them has been around for quite a whileâ€"who among us has never been so angry that we just want to break something? Because of this, there are some existing studies that can give us some clues about whether these rooms do more harm than good.   The catharsis theory of aggression maintains that if people are able to vent their frustration and anger, this anger will decrease. This theory has been around for decades, but research debunking it has been around for almost as long. One study that was conducted in 1959 gave some subjects the opportunity to hit nails with hammers for ten minutes to decrease their anger levels after being insulted, while other subjects were left to wait the ten minutes without physical activity to help them vent their anger. The results showed that the hammer-wielding subjects were actually angrier after ten minutes than those who were sitting quietly, even though the catharsis theory would lead us to expect the opposite. Some research suggests that breaking things may not be the best way to handle anger. Another study from 1969 allowed students to leave negative evaluations of a teacher who (unbeknownst to them) was being purposely frustrating, while other subjects who had experienced the same frustrations weren’t given the chance to express their anger and aggression with negative evaluations. Again, contrary to expectations, those who had vented their anger were actually more angry afterwardâ€"not less. Interestingly, there is even research on whether aggression is increased by venting when people believe that venting will minimize their anger. (In other words, there is research that has tested whether the idea that venting anger as a way to manage it is a self-fulfilling prophecy that will lead to reduced anger because people expect it to work this way.) The short answer is that it doesn’t work this way; venting anger by punching a punching bag still increased anger levels in subjects who were lead to believe that this type of venting would decrease their anger. Perhaps more alarming, the 1999 study that found this also detected an increased likelihood that these angry people would take their hostility out on innocent bystanders if given the chance. Other research has had similar findings, but the view that venting one’s anger leads to less anger is a persistent one.  This may be because when many people express aggression toward the source of their frustration, their aggressive drive may decrease at the moment, but their likelihood of being aggressive in the future will actually increase. (This may seem counter-intuitive, but think about it: if acting out your aggression makes you feel better afterward, you’re probably going to be more likely to be aggressive in the future, right?) One study related to this theory found that people who acted aggressively after being provoked and experienced a decrease in anger afterward were more likely to be aggressive on days when they were angry in the future. However, those who experienced an increase in anger after expressing aggression had no increased tendencies to act out their aggression on days when they were especially angry. It is interesting to note that not everyone in this study experienced a decrease in anger when they acted out their aggression. A related study found that those who evaluated the source of their anger tended to experience a decrease in anger as a result. Those who evaluated something else that was unrelated to their frustration experienced no significant changes to their anger levels. This is interesting because it suggests that analyzing why we are angry can more reliably help us to decrease our feelings of anger, while acting out our anger appears to increase it, either in the short term or in the long term, as the previous study demonstrated. What Works Best for Anger Management In addition to evaluating the source of frustration, research has also found that some other forms of stress management may be more effective than taking our aggression on inanimate objects. These things have all been shown to help decrease your feelings of frustration and anger:Taking a break (remember the old admonition of counting to ten when angry?)Practicing breathing exercises,Trying meditation (even if you’ve never practiced meditation before) Other cognitive-behavioral techniques have also been found to be helpful without the damaging side-effects of venting anger; these techniques include the following: Progressive Muscle Relaxation: Take some time to tense each muscle in your body and then consciously relax them to help calm soothe yourself physically.Cognitive Restructuring: This means shifting your perspective to a less angry one by thinking of things differently.Social Skills Training or Assertiveness Training: This form of behavior therapy teaches you to relate to others in a healthier way so you can avoid becoming as angry and stressed.Problem-Solving: Not all problems can be easily fixed, but many can. Becoming more proactive when possible can help you to minimize stressors in your life.Exposure to the Stressor: This is recommended for many issues including anxiety, and involves facing something that causes you to stress, in small but increasing doses until you feel less stressed and more able to cope with the stressor.Education About Anger and Anger Management: Learning more about anger and how to have a healthy relationship with your own anger can minimize the need for a pl ace to blow off steam, and can help you to keep yourself from taking out your anger on others.Stress Management: Being proactive with stress management can help you to build resilience so you dont feel as stressed by new things that affect you in your life. There are many effective ways to manage stress! The Benefits This begs the questionâ€"if venting our anger by breaking things may help many of us feel like we’ve decreased our anger, isn’t it a useful activity to try when we’re at our wit’s end? Or even a worthy activity for a Saturday night out with friends, particularly if we’re a group that would like to vent our anger and to blow off some steam? Doesn’t this research miss the point that these rooms are all in good fun? Find Help With the 7 Best Online Anger Management Classes For many, there might be something beneficial to this activity after all. There is a reason these places are drawing crowds and increasing in popularity, and they do bring some benefits as well, especially if you already know the caveats. The following are a few good reasons you may want to visit one of these places after all: To Try Something New: If you’re curious about these places you may want to try them out to satisfy your curiosity! It can be an interesting form of exercise. It can give you a funny story to share with your friends. It can also be a fun activity to bring them along to, which leads to the next point.For Bonding: If you’re going with a group of friends, it may be a bonding experience to break things together. If you go with your partner or a friend who is experiencing the same stress you are, this can also be a fun way to blow off steam and connect. Just be aware that this can increase your likelihood of being aggressive, and make it a point to develop habits that will help you to manage your anger in other ways as well (such as those listed above).For Pure Fun: Studies also show that it’s important to have fun in your life as a way to improve your mood, manage stress, and maintain balance in your life. If it’s fun for you to go out and break things, this may still be a much he althier activity for you than sitting at home and ruminating over what’s making you angry. If it gets you into a better mood with a spirit of fun, you may want to go for it. (Again, just remember to create some other habits for yourself as well that can help you to manage stress and anger in your life.) Anger and Stress: Why It Is Important to Manage Them Both

Conflict Theory A Theoretical Framework - 1304 Words

d.) conflict theory/ pg.27: a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources. The video shows a lot of conflict theory in its underlying themes and details. All of the different families in this film are competing with each other for work. The scarce resources in this case is the work. This is why so many of the families migrate and follow the work wherever it goes. They are competing to try and do as much as they can to get the money they need to survive. The resources are scarce and sometimes it is very tough for them to find work. Many of them are turned down and told that there is no work. As they compete for these resources it is a game of survival of the fittest. There is nobody there to make sure they are alright and many of the members of the families struggle. They compete so much for these other resources that they lose sight of other goals that they have in their life. Many compete so much that their children cannot finish school, have long lasting friendships, or even enjoy milestones in their life. You can see that it is affecting their children e motionally and physically. As they compete for resources their children get sucked deeper into the lifestyle with no sign of escaping any time soon. The conflict theory explains to us the fact that these groups are struggling to get the work they need to support their families. From the outside we may see a lot of work to be done and the familiesShow MoreRelatedExample Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1044 Words   |  5 Pages Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additionalRead MoreThe Cold War And Initiation Of Neoliberalism Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesOvertime, the international system has experience a multitude of theoretical frameworks including realism, liberalism, and idealism; furthermore, each has emerged into new schools of thought after the conclusion of the Cold War. The liberal school of thought has inherited many developments and new features since 1989. 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This focuses mainly on how the individual interacts with others, and how others influence the individual behaviors that impact society in a micro or macro way. The second theoretical framework is the conflict theory, it examines the rift between the rich and the poor and how it affects the quality of education, health care, and living condition of said group. Thirdly, the functionalist theory, which comparesRead MoreMain Theoretical Perspectives Within Sociology1330 Words   |  6 PagesA theory is a statement that explains how and why the world operates the way it does. Theories are a great part of the framework used in organizing the specific social phenomena’s within social science. Theories can answer questions like why certain groups of people all live in the same/ certain neighborhood. Theories try to explain why groups of people do certain things, and why a society changes and how it works. There are three main theoretical perspectives within sociology. These perspectivesRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1033 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline 1850s The history of theoretical and scientific approach in nursing evolution rooted in mid-1800s by the founder and pioneer of modern nursing; Florence Nightingale. She was considered â€Å"The Lady with the Lamp† and â€Å"The Mother of Modern Nursing â€Å". Florence Nightingale was born in Florence Italy on May 12, 1820. She grew up with the belief that her religious calling was to take care of other people. She started her work during the CrimeanRead MoreThe Major Theories of Sociology Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagessociology, sociologists use many different theories to base their ideas and observations on; however, the three major theories that are used are symbolic interactionism, functional analysis, and conflict theory. It is these three theories that will be the focus of this paper. To begin with, we will start with symbolic interactionism. Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead developed symbolic interactionism. In order to understand what this theory is all about though, we will look at the definitionRead MoreConflict Management Styles Among Corporate Ceos Nigeria1430 Words   |  6 PagesCONCEPTUAL /THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In the process of writing a literature review, scholarly sources have been collected in previous weeks, analyzed and synthesized. However, in continuation to forming a complete literature review, this paper will focus on describing the conceptual/ theoretical frame works used by the authors (on reference page), compare and contrast how the topics relates to each of the frameworks used, and identifying which frame work best applies to the topic: â€Å"Conflict ManagementRead MoreConflict Between Iran And Iraq Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pages Society is hard pressed to find a region within the world today, which has experienced as much conflict, as the Middle East. The bloodiest and most volatile of these conflicts would be the Iran-Iraq war, proving to be the most bitter and detrimental conflict since World War II, and the worst the region has seen in recent years. Hostile relations and continued territorial clashes occurred between these two countries before September 22, 1980, however this day would mark the official declaration ofRead MoreCurrent Marketing Literature On Waiting Process829 Words   |  4 Pagesof an integrated theoretical framework that comprehensively describes how and why customers respond to waiting. This is partially due to the fact that prior studies have been exclusively focused on specific study contexts and purposes, for example, a study in restaurant waiting could hardly cover discussions about attribution; and partially due to existing conflict among applicable theories, for example, conflicts between assimilation-contrast theory and stress management theory; and partially due

What Absolutely Everybody Is Saying About Speech Writing Services Online and What You Have to Do

What Absolutely Everybody Is Saying About Speech Writing Services Online and What You Have to Do Our UK dissertation writing rankmywriter service has quite a long presence on the business. Rewriting services are a kind of revision services. A professional writing service can make all of the difference on earth. Our professional rewriting services are intended to supply you great services at inexpensive prices. The work you will receive is certain to be the highest quality on the internet. We're an on-line custom writing service offering a myriad of academic papers. Our custom writing service isn't sub-standard. Making the choice to employ a custom writing service is crucial. There are a number of online academic writing businesses, but you ought to be careful to choose one that's reputable and dependable. Even though there are a couple standard actions to writing an. Great writing solutions, like the ones I discussed above will be in a position to assist you with any part of your assignments. For that you have to hire or take aid of a writer who's expert in writing speech and who can understand your requirements and provide you the desired project according to your specifications and instructions. The Tried and True Method for Speech Writing Services Online in Step by Step Detail Other writing companies won't be in a position to supply you with the ideal speech maintaining the stan dard of work and deliver you on time because writing a speech takes lots of time and efforts as it needs a whole lot of research. Our experts have great expertise in writing speeches, reports, and other kinds of papers. With help from our Speech Writing Specialists, an individual can rest assured of finding the speech written based on the specifications. Employing speech writing services online may cause you to get nervous, as you might be worrying about your confidentiality. Writing a doctoral dissertation with our bureau is the best choice for you to get a high. Professional on-line essay writing servicesare precisely what you want. If you're thinking that you will take a person to compose my essay at this time, you're able to just rely on our honest reviews. You will receive a cheap on-line essay writing serviceonline. The Key to Successful Speech Writing Services Online You may also opt to have us write a little part of your dissertation like an abstract or a dissertat ion chapter and just pay for what you demand. Your final dissertation is readily the the most critical part of your Master's schedule. For instance you may require business case studies or PhD dissertation having an extremely tight deadline. Rewriting services means the paper may have to be reorganized, changes must be made to the research, or even the simple premise of the paper will have to be redone. If you're looking for a non-fraudulent writing service then is what you're searching for. If you're trying to find the absolute best writing services on the net, you're in the suitable spot. It's simple to find the help you're searching for, and you're guaranteed to acquire only the very best, so send in your content now and let us help you get nothing but that! Hence, a lot of people require the assistance of professionals that focus on rewriting content at inexpensive rates. Rewriting of web pages and websites are easily done depending on your requirements. Rewriting articles is extremely beneficial to webmasters as it offers better value for their time and money. Rewriting web content is the most wanted skill in the internet world. Our rewriting service will allow you to get non-plagiarized content you are searching for and implement valuable adjustments to the text you provide. Choosing Good Speech Writing Services Online If you're puzzling who will be able to help you with the assignment at the lowest price as you're a student and is occasionally pressed for money, you're at the correct place as we offer cheap custom made writings. While placing the order, pay a particular attention to supplying specific instructions, so our speech writer would know just what to include in the job. If you must make certain that the last work is going to be of exceptional quality, you're welcome to bring a PRO Writer bundle to your purchase, so that one of our t op writers will finish the assignment for you. In case you have any of the above mentioned reasons for getting expert help online, make the proper choice let us assist you with your assignments!

Article Summary Free Essays

Article Summary With the increase in online courses, along came an increase in the drop out rates versus the traditional sit-in environment. During this study, valuable information was offered to increase student success and minimize drop out rates. There needs to be communication among peers and instructor to have success in online courses. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now A group of students from the University of Pretoria, were enrolled in a Masters program, and their online activities were tracked for 8 weeks, by a program called Learning management (LMS) track. The LMS tracking tool was able to offer nformation on â€Å"students’ blog postings, 161 5 discussions posts, an online quiz, and examination essays† (Nagel, Blignaut, Cronje, 2009, p, 41). Through their examination, they were able to categorize â€Å"three stratifications of students† (Nagel, et al, 2009, 45) and their traits. The first stratification group was the fail grade, which rarely posted, hardly collaborated with their peers, searched very little, rarely replied to his online community, or provided no feedback. This caused frustration among other peers that were assigned to their group project, because they never articipated. How to cite Article Summary, Papers Article Summary Free Essays In this article, the author, Debra Barrow, talks about how customer service has changed from the good old days of full service gas stations and face to face communication to today’s self-serve, pre-recorded society. Customers back then were fiercely loyal to your business when you gave them good service in virtually any type of businesses. She examines if the downturn in the economy has something to do with the lowering of the level of customer service or if it has Just been happening for a while. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now The suggestions the author gives are very good and center on being empathetic to your customer. Making yourself or a representative available for face to face communication of issues and questions is also mentioned. She finishes with reminding us that competition is fierce customers have a wide choice of alternatives. The customer usually goes with the best value that they see. This does not dismiss the importance of customer service as people do remember those that treat them well. I feel that the article is very good despite being perhaps a little obvious. But that in itself is the problem. Much of what is talked about In the article is no longer obvious to many people and they are not mindful of the Importance of giving or even achieving great customer service. As my career choice is in the information technology field, I can use the Information presented In this article to make sure that I keep both internal and external customers happy and that In turn will not only keep me happy, but will make my Job much more bearable. Ten years In customer service has taught me that while the customer may not always be right, the least that you can do Is make sure that they come away from your Interaction with a smile and feeling that their problem has been solved. Work Cited Barrow, Debra. â€Å"Customer Service Back In the Day’ CustomerServlceManager. 2012. Web. Septa. 2014 Article Summary By muskellunges â€Å"Customer Service Back in the Day’ that in itself is the problem. Much of what is talked about in the article is no longer obvious to many people and they are not mindful of the importance of giving or even technology field, I can use the information presented in this article to make sure that I keep both internal and external customers happy and that in turn will not only keep me happy, but will make my Job much more bearable. Ten years in customer service can do is make sure that they come away from your interaction with a smile and Barrow, Debra. How to cite Article Summary, Papers Article summary Free Essays As the immigration population increases in the united States so does the New York workforce according to this article. Nonetheless this is not a very positive thing once the article goes in depth about why this is so. Sample says that in a time of widespread Joblessness, Mexicans, specifically in New York. We will write a custom essay sample on Article summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Have proved to be skilled at finding and keeping work. The article focuses on Mexican because they are the it’s largest immigrant group. They have the highest rate of employment and are more likely to hold a Job compared to the typical New Work’s native-born population. This data was In accordance with an analysis of the most recently available census data. Surprisingly statistics show that Mexicans In New York are even employed at a greater rate than Mexicans nationwide. Sadly, these statistics do not happen without out the consequences of workplace abuse. There are several reasons why illegal immigrants are the targets and ideal workers for most employers. This is true for the fact that most employers are interested in hiring people who are willing to overlook some labor laws. Most of these workers said they had never been paid overtime compensation almost always were given the dirty Jobs and were sometimes forced to work on their only day off. As one of these employees said in the article, there is not much that they can do to even stand up for their right because they are too scared of either being fired or deported. The employment rate Just for New Work’s working-age Mexican men is even higher at n astounding 97 percent. Some analysts believe that the census underestimates employment rates for populations with high numbers of Illegal Immigrants, Like Mexicans, because those without legal documentation fear revealing their employment status. Response: Sample addresses a lot of issues that emerge from hiring immigrants. There is not just the abuse of their rights and labor laws but, emotional or psychological abuse on these employees. This is a very helpful article for those who do not understand or are angered by immigrants taking over American Jobs. It is not very appealing to the average American citizen to work long hours with a pay less than minimum wage. It is no surprise that in New York most Mexican immigrants are heavily concentrated in jobs that involve food preparation. Another area that they are not surprisingly hired in is construction. These are occupations that require a lot of hours on the Job and I know for a fact that Is can and most likely causes emotional stress particularly when hey are being extremely under paid. How to cite Article summary, Papers

The Role Of Women In Business From The Past Century To Today

Abstract The report commences with an examination of women’s professional opportunities in the early twentieth century. At the time, most women could only access low-paying jobs in poorly-maintained industries. During the First and Second World War, women took up unconventional jobs in order to replace the male workers that had joined the military.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Role Of Women In Business From The Past Century To Today specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, these women’s husbands displaced them when they came back from war. In subsequent years, this group fought for its rights through the women’s movement and other organisations. By the end of the twentieth century, several females started owning their own enterprises. Today, a number of company CEOs are female, and they do a good job. Nonetheless, barriers that prevent women from reaching for leadership positions at work are causing most of them to become frustrated. It was recommended that the government should make legislations to even out the playing field. Women should undergo confidence building and be entitled to flexible hours of work. This would narrow the gap between men and women in the business world. Introduction Women’s role in business has improved dramatically since the early twentieth century. Society’s attitude towards this group affected its level of achievement in the business arena. The paper will examine some historical developments in the female movement and how these relate to the role of women in business. Justification This study will assist in bringing out the challenges that women in business face as seen through a historical lens. By starting with the twentieth century, the study will illustrate some of the historical injustices faced by women and how societies can deal with that inequality. Women in the early twentieth century and the First World War F emales in the early twentieth century had minimal access to job opportunities. However, a few sectors provided women with work, such as art and literature. Female writers like Dorothy Richardson highlighted the challenges that women faced in their society.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This era also recorded an increase in female artists who used their craft to portray powerful images of working women. Although society frowned upon the participation of women in work, a small proportion of them (20%) had jobs. Most women in the 1900s were factory employees who worked under squalor conditions for minimal pay. The 1920s were the roaring twenties; this was a progressive era in which women defied the submissive stereotype of the late nineteenth century. They were daring in their social and professional lives. Some of them took up jobs in the public sector. Female clerical workers were wid espread at the time; others participated in the field of journalism, law and mining. However, these opportunities were largely available to middle class Caucasian women; ethnic minorities and older women struggled to secure employment. The number of women who participated in the labour force rose by 50% in this decade. Nonetheless, some sections of society felt threatened by this new breed of independent and hardworking women. Therefore, stakeholders in the film industry quelled men’s insecurities by portraying images of married women. Nonetheless, those images did not depict the true goings-on in society. As professional roles began changing, women embraced opportunities in healthcare, education and other professions designed to cater to the needs of manufacturers. When the First World War started many men left for military service. This created a vacuum in the workplace that only women could fill. Many of them rose to the occasion; however, when the war ended, they had to s tep aside for their male counterparts. Those who stayed behind could only do low-paying jobs as men took all the lucrative opportunities (Hameed, 2008). Women in the Second World War When the United States entered the Second World War, it required a lot of military supplies. Suppliers converted automobile factories into aircraft facilities. This demand for military supplies created a labour shortage that only women could reverse. The government wanted women to do this only temporarily, so they made a call to work. Since few women responded to it, the government decided to launch a propaganda campaign in which it created a fictional character called Rosie the Riveter. The US government looked for a series of individuals who could fit the profile of a patriotic, attractive and efficient female. Advertisers displayed images of such women in various media channels, and the public responded positively to the portrayals (Ross, 1993). In the beginning, most women took factory jobs, but the re was still a need for more qualified workers. Employers began hiring women who had just completed high school; these efforts were still not sufficient to fill the labour gap. Companies needed to tap into a demographic group that they had forbade from working; married women.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Role Of Women In Business From The Past Century To Today specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They initially started with mothers who had older children. Most females took low-paying jobs in order to free up men for higher-paying jobs. Furthermore, few of them had access to powerful positions in their places of work. Women enjoyed the economic incentives associated with work and also appreciated the fulfilment they found in these new roles as employees. However, they had to fight negative attitudes from men. It should be noted that although a large proportion of women entered the labour force, stakeholders s till felt that their greatest strength was at home. Many perceived career women as unattractive prospects for marriage. Therefore, when the war ended, women got into low-paying jobs or went back home. Nonetheless, this era paved the way for participation of women in unconventional professions. Future generations of women would follow their path. The Women’s Movement In the 1960s, female writers articulated the challenges of women in society. They asserted that domestic roles defined women, and this disempowered them. The writers urged their colleagues to find new roles and define their own identities through professional opportunities. It was such sentiments that led to the birth of the women’s movement. Many participants drew inspiration from the civil rights movement of the 1970s. It should be noted that the birth control pill contributed to the prevalence of this movement, as well. The decade 1960 was an era of rebelliousness. Many middle class youth joined the wome n’s movement because of these sentiments. During this decade, civil rights bills prompted female supporters to call for their own protective laws. In 1964, women secured their first antidiscrimination bill. A number of women formed the National Organisation for Women which fought for women’s rights and prompted other members to participate in the same. It was these developments that eventually spread to other parts of the western world such as the UK and Australia. Women in business today Women have made enormous strides in the business world today. Some are CEOs of Fortune 500 companies while others own medium and small enterprises. Their participation in the workforce is indicative of the degree of advancement that women have undergone over the past century. Better educational opportunities, strong antidiscrimination legislation and positive attitudes towards the female gender have contributed to these advancements. Women are now leading powerful institutions such as PepsiCo. The CEO of this institution is Indra Nooyi; she is the most powerful woman in the fortune 500 list. This leader started as a company manager and climbed the company ranks to become CEO. Indra became a chief financial officer seven years after she joined the institution and a CEO five years later (Kalyan, 2009).Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other women have started their businesses from scratch and grown them into international empires. A case in point was Archer Daniels Midland. The President of this organisation is Pat Woertz, and she is the fourth most powerful woman in the fortune 500 list. Andrea Jung, Brenda Barnes, Irene Rosenfeld, Meg Withman, and Anne Mulcahy lead or own Avon, Sara Lee, Kraft Foods, eBay, and Xerox respectively. These women have worked hard to get to these positions, yet their achievements would have been unrealistic in the 1950s. The CEO of Yahoo Inc is also female, and is known as Marrissa Mayer. The born leader took up responsibility for running an ailing internet firm at the beginning of this year (2012). It is too early to judge whether her leadership has been extraordinary, but one can already see how committed she is to the firm. She only took a two-week long maternity leave and resumed her duties immediately after the break. Another example of a strong female executive is Reg Leaver wh o is a leader at Australia.wana. She first purchased a newsagency in 1995 and then went on to form various news groups. Leaver has the title of 2010 Nextra Australia’s winner. The above-mentioned women are not the only ones who have made a mark in the business world. Statistics indicate that women around the world own 10.4 million organisations. In some countries, women started approximately 40% of all companies. Furthermore, studies show that the number of businesses owned by this demographic group is increasing at an impressive rate. Over the past decade, female-owned businesses have grown by 42.3%. Additionally, sales generated from these organisations have increased by 4.4%. Female entrepreneurs have entered various sectors such as retail, real estate and manufacturing. Although most of these participants belong to the service sector (68%), a substantial proportion of these business owners are trying real estate (7.7%) and retail (14.4%) (Kalyan, 2009). Representation of female participants in business Clearly, women have done well for themselves. It is necessary to understand why these figures have been improving with time. One obvious explanation is the level of educational attainment among members of the group. Studies indicate that the number of women with master’s degrees has increased by 40.7% over the past 32 years. Additionally, the world now has 44.1% more first degree holders in this demographic group. Even the number of female doctoral degree holders has increased by 43% since 1980. These advancements in education have increased women’s chances of becoming business leaders. Another reason behind such impressive growth rates in entrepreneurship is the diversification of business portfolios. 38% of all female employees belong to sales and office occupations. 36% of these women handle managerial and other professional positions. 18% of them engage in service occupations while 8% of female employees handle the production, trans portation and movement of goods. Participation in various sectors of the economy opens up opportunities for advancements and this increases one’s chances of owning one’s organisation. Shown is a graphical representation of the diversification of business among women Challenges faced by female workers Although the above advancements exist in the labour force, a disproportionate number of men dominate leadership positions in business. Experts assert that an invisible barrier, known as the glass ceiling, prevents women from becoming company leaders. It is imperative to understand some of the challenges that women in business face when reaching for these leadership positions (Mason, 2012). A firm’s management style may impede women’s advancement in the business world. Men and women have divergent management styles; company stakeholders may misinterpret female managerial styles and accord men more latitude. People often condemn females who adopt a masculine s tyle. Additionally, recruitment behaviours tend to mirror prevailing demographic patterns in a company. If a firm is male-dominated, then it is more likely to hire people who represent this image. As a result, females lack opportunities to participate in such companies. Discrimination still exists in certain companies that overlook qualified women for men. Some occupations segregate women naturally. Firms in these industries are male-dominated and will rarely offer women opportunities for advancement. Typical examples include engineering, shipping or construction. In order to climb the corporate ladder, one needs access to informal and formal networks. Female employees lack access to these networks and thus have limited advancement opportunities. Some employers perceive women as problematic because they have to attend to their families’ needs. Because of this, employers may overlook mothers when promotion opportunities arise. All the above challenges have caused many women to consider entrepreneurship as the ultimate solution to the glass ceiling. Many women are leaving the workforce to start their own organisations. This shields them from the unfairness of the corporate arena (Miller, 2009). Recommendations More women should consider entrepreneurship because this allows them to create their own rules; they can also succeed on the basis of their personal input. Currently, costs of starting businesses are quite low. Further, businesses allow women to create corporations that match their personal values (Bullock, 1994). However, before more women can enter into the world of entrepreneurship, governments and other stakeholders need to do a number of things. They need to work on the concept of work-life balance through legislations and provision of relevant facilities. Women need to be enlightened about how to build their confidence as well as how to cope with new roles. Flexible scheduling should be considered by potential female entrepreneurs. This will p revent them from perpetuating the same discrimination that caused them to leave the corporate arena. Stakeholders should start creating female business networks in order to foster growth and development. Conclusion At the beginning of the twentieth century, society restricted women to low-paying jobs. Economic necessity prompted employers to hire females; however, the group never gained access to leadership positions. This has changed today because a number of women own their own enterprises. Such patterns stem from better education, legislation and business diversification. Covert discrimination places a barrier in career advancement thus compelling many women to consider entrepreneurship. References Bullock, S. (1994). Women and work. London: Zed Books. Hameed, Z. (2008). Gender differences in business roles. Web. Kalyan, S. (2009). The changing role of women in the workplace. Web. Mason, W. (2012). Women in business. Web. Miller, B. (2009). Encouraging women into senior managemen t positions. Web. Ross, S. (1993). The rights of women. London: McMillan. This report on The Role Of Women In Business From The Past Century To Today was written and submitted by user Hailey Butler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on A Sociological Perspective On Everyday Use

Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines sociology as a systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings. The most important structures that tie together these groups are economics, politics, and social status. The sociological evaluation of Everyday Use by Alice Walker enlightens on issues that continue to plague American families in the present. Walker’s own cultural surroundings reflect on this work, which is obvious by revealing economic, political, and social means within the story. In Everyday Use economic problems are abound in how Walker forms her characters. This story illustrates the economic ways that Walker’s African American family is seeking fame and higher forms of living. The story opens as the narrator, Mama, and her youngest daughter, Maggie, await a visit from Dee, the oldest daughter, and a man who may be Dee’s husband. Dee, who was always scornful of her family’s way of life, has gone to college and now seems almost as distant as a film star; her mother imagines being reunited with her on a television show (Walker, 89; par. 4). Maggie, who seems to be intellectually impaired, bears severe burn scars from a house fire many years before. Both Mama and Maggie are intimidated by Dee and her ‘superior’ attitude. Dee is obviously ashamed of her poor upbringing, as she stated, â€Å"†¦from the way you [Maggie] and Mama still live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Walker, 94; par. 81) that Maggie did not understand there were more ad vantageous opportunities available, as if Maggie could not be content in her own way of life. This is the largest socio-economic validation within the story. Dee is the epitome of the economic hierarchy within the tale, as she is clearly seeking to come to terms with returning to the old house where Mama is very poor. Dee represents the higher culture and her poor family origins cause great internal conflicts for her. Walker describes... Free Essays on A Sociological Perspective On Everyday Use Free Essays on A Sociological Perspective On Everyday Use Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines sociology as a systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings. The most important structures that tie together these groups are economics, politics, and social status. The sociological evaluation of Everyday Use by Alice Walker enlightens on issues that continue to plague American families in the present. Walker’s own cultural surroundings reflect on this work, which is obvious by revealing economic, political, and social means within the story. In Everyday Use economic problems are abound in how Walker forms her characters. This story illustrates the economic ways that Walker’s African American family is seeking fame and higher forms of living. The story opens as the narrator, Mama, and her youngest daughter, Maggie, await a visit from Dee, the oldest daughter, and a man who may be Dee’s husband. Dee, who was always scornful of her family’s way of life, has gone to college and now seems almost as distant as a film star; her mother imagines being reunited with her on a television show (Walker, 89; par. 4). Maggie, who seems to be intellectually impaired, bears severe burn scars from a house fire many years before. Both Mama and Maggie are intimidated by Dee and her ‘superior’ attitude. Dee is obviously ashamed of her poor upbringing, as she stated, â€Å"†¦from the way you [Maggie] and Mama still live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Walker, 94; par. 81) that Maggie did not understand there were more a dvantageous opportunities available, as if Maggie could not be content in her own way of life. This is the largest socio-economic validation within the story. Dee is the epitome of the economic hierarchy within the tale, as she is clearly seeking to come to terms with returning to the old house where Mama is very poor. Dee represents the higher culture and her poor family origins cause great internal conflicts for her. Walker describes...

A 10-Point Comma Quiz

A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz A 10-Point Comma Quiz By Mark Nichol Here’s a quiz: Do the following sentences require an additional comma (or perhaps two), the omission of an existing one (or two), or both? Answers and explanations follow. 1. The word breakfast literally means to break the fasting period of your night’s sleep, so you can refuel for the day. 2. The first scene takes place in a dimly lit, tactical command center on an aircraft carrier. 3. The finishing stage is a series of asphalt â€Å"ski jumps,† only the â€Å"skiers† are skiing the wrong way. 4. One of their biggest challenges was coming up with a story that would resonate on a deep, emotional level. 5. Another English writer named Richard Browne used scientific reasoning to confirm the theory. 6. Among slaves, other popular instruments included drums made from hollowed logs covered with animal hides or kitchen pots and pans. 7. They continued to run the establishment, and took great pride in the accomplishments of their sons who kept in regular contact. 8. The storm inspired the title of Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. 9. As slaves were moved around, they encountered other tribes and dance forms such as the Calenda gained widespread intertribal appeal. 10. â€Å"Newspapers and polling organizations predicted that Republican candidate, Thomas E. Dewey, would be America’s next president.† Answers and Explanations 1. Delete. Inclusion of the comma in this sentence incorrectly implies that thanks to the meaning of the word breakfast, you can refuel for the day. 2. Delete. The reference is not to a command center that is dimly lit and tactical; it’s to a tactical command center that is dimly lit. (Don’t let technical jargon deter you from making sense of a compound noun.) 3. Both. Only here is not a qualifier that suggests â€Å"the ‘skiers’ and nobody else†; it’s a synonym for however, so punctuate as you would were that word used instead. Also, the first comma should be not just deleted but also replaced by an em dash that sets off the unusual circumstance described in the final phrase. (References to skiing are enclosed in scare quotes because the participants are not actually skiers but are engaging in an analogous activity.) 4. Delete. As with sentence #2, the appositive structure is confused. The reference is to an emotional level that is deep, not a level that is deep and emotional, so deep and emotional are noncoordinate adjectives and therefore require no intervening comma. 5. Add. Unless a previous sentence referenced a different English writer by that name, the phrase â€Å"named Richard Browne† should be set off by two commas to demonstrate that it’s an appositive to â€Å"another English writer† and is therefore parenthetical. (In other words, it’s nonessential; the sentence would make sense without it.) 6. Add. The drums were not made from logs covered with hides or with kitchenware; they could be hide-covered logs, or they could be pots and pans. That fact needs to be clarified with a comma following hides, plus a second from, inserted before kitchen to complete the parallel structure. 7. Both. The comma is neither necessary nor incorrect, but if it’s retained, a second they, after and, would smooth the sentence somewhat. But the definite error is this: Unless there are two groups of progeny sons who kept in regular contact, and sons who didn’t, an appositive comma must be added after sons. 8. Delete. A quick online search will inform you that Hurston wrote more than one novel, so the nonrestrictive comma, which incorrectly implies that she published just one novel, should be jettisoned. 9. Add. The lack of a comma after tribes suggests that the slaves encountered other tribes and other dance forms, but then another verb crops up after that and creates a cognitive logjam. What the sentence means is that slaves’ encounters with slaves from other tribes led to increased exposure to new dance forms. The inserted comma will clarify that a new clause begins with and. 10. Delete. This error of apposition is one of the most annoying, relentlessly viral mistakes in English today. (Think of it this way: A comma implies a pause. Does the reader pause at all, much less twice, during this sentence?) Evidently, the misunderstanding stems from a confusion with the appositive structure of the phrase form exemplified in â€Å"Thomas E. Dewey, the Republican candidate.† The sentence would be correct if the were inserted before the epithet â€Å"Republican candidate,† but it is alternatively rendered proper by the omission of the two commas. The appropriate correction depends on the context (that is, whether a previous reference to a Republican candidate has been made). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Work of Art TitlesThe Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

Proposal for Organizational Learning Issues Essay

Proposal for Organizational Learning Issues - Essay Example All these analysis will enable in determining the appropriate solution to the organizational learning. A detailed analysis and research about the various mystifications and the alternative OLM is subject to make. It is essential to determine the talent management strategies for the organization before any decision-making process. It will ensure that organization being transmitted to learning organization. After the action, the review is discussed to ensure that organizational learning is successful and in identifying the area of improvement. Technology based training is the most suitable form of training in achieving the learning organization objective. Mystification in the organizational learning is created mainly by the diversity or multiplicity in the viewpoints. It is difficult in obtaining conceptual clarity. It clearly indicates the complexities and multidimensional phenomenon. Treating organization like people (anthropomorphizing) that is to treat the organization as a human in learning and it is creating more trouble (Lipshitz, Friedman, & Popper, 2006, p.7). Accordingly, it is subject to assume that the organization is capable of learning from them. However, no clear details exist about the transition from individual learning to organizational learning, and it carries more complexities. Chic and Mystique includes various concepts like the double loop system, mental models, system thinking, dialog, reflection, absorptive capacity, etc. (Lipshitz, Friedman, & Popper, 2006, p.12). It has created a reified in the organizational learning. There false refrains in distinguishing the organization that learn and that does not. Next is the active mystification accordingly organizations are considered to be more spiritual rather than being instrumental (Lipshitz, Friedman, & Popper, 2006, p.13). Mystification plays the significant role that creates some glimpse by which organizational learning was not subject to accomplish

Law for social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law for social work - Essay Example unity care involves providing respite care, day services, accommodations, home help and carer and family support for persons with learning disabilities. The same kind of help is also available under community care for persons with physical disabilities and the elderly together with their carers. The latter groups are provided with additional means of support. For instances persons with physical disabilities are provided with direct payments, employment assistance, ‘self-management living schemes’ and equipment such as wheel chairs. The elderly are provided with ‘home care services, delivered meals, day care and lunch clubs.’ Similar services are provided for individuals with mental disabilities.2 Under children and family’s social work, social workers undertake a large variety of responsibilities. They provide childcare services and are involved in the education and social development of the child. Social workers are actively involved in the adoption process and make provision for protective services for children in danger.3 The social worker’s duties in respect of the Criminal Justice system are multifaceted and can be onerous. The social worker is involved in an exhaustive list of tasks from the sentencing and probation of offenders to ‘supervision and support for released prisoners.’4 The variety of roles required of the social worker and the importance of their relationship with the community at large requires the imposition of a professional duty of care. As such, the social worker is not only required to be familiar with the law, they are also required to uphold the law in an appropriate case. This paper looks at the legal obligations of the social worker and the importance of the law in the context of the various duties and obligations already mentioned. Social work is regulated in the United Kingdom by a professional organization known as the British Association of Social Workers. The Association is charged with the duty of

Impact of Planning and Development on Property Values

Impact of Planning and Development on Property Values The first chapter has discussed the issue regarding this particular study in terms of the objectives, scope of study, and significance of study, methodology of study and chapter outline. In this second chapter, the discussion will be mainly on the theoretical aspect of the planning and development in this study. The explanation by literature review will be given in this chapter is as continuity to achieve the objective. The purpose of literature review is to establish the microeconomic factor affecting residential property values. Furthermore, this chapter is also going to discuss the planning and the market, planning system in Malaysia and zoning definition .Apart from that, this chapter will also look at the relationship between microeconomic factor and residential property value and the impact of planning and development towards residential property values. The chapter start with discuss planning and the market and what is the factor affecting residential property value and underline theoretical on property value. The theories to achieve the second objective of this study which is identify factor affecting residential property value based on planning and development. Conclusion of the finding will be given at the end of this chapter. 2.2 Planning and The Market According Peter Cowan (1973), planning is defined as making plans, strategies, interpretation, according to which planning covers almost every aspect of human affairs. Alternatively, Neutze (1987) suggests that planning of land use helps to reduce the level of improbability about the form and level of development that will be suitable and allowable. It raises the supply of residential and to reduce the price of land for development. The main objective of planning is to allocate land uses to meet the economic and social needs of people. Referring to Lean and Goodall (1966), planning and development are subject to change in use of pattern and consequently in value. Social and economic changes will effect on property such as land and building values. Basically the pattern of land use is a signal of competition for sites between various uses functioning through the forces of demand and supply. In an attempt to compete for space at the choice location, some uses are displaced for other potential uses that willing to pay higher prices. In the same element, owners of property will choose location will that offer the greatest advantage on price. Subsequent to Mayer and Somerville (1999) established a structural model describing the relationship between planning regulation and residential market supply. They considered two types of planning regulations, namely impose explicit financial costs on builders such as development or impact fees and those that delay or lengthen the development process. The model shows that in the absence of input prices for land, housing starts are properly specified as a function of changes in the level of house prices, and not as a direct function of the level itself. According Li and Brown (1980) tested the impacts of three types of neighbourhood factors such as aesthetic attributes, pollution levels and proximity on housing values. Li and Brown (1980) findings suggested that housing prices rose due to accessibility but fell due to problems such as congestion, pollution or unsightliness. Based on Monk Whitehead (1996), planning bring impact on the property market by restraining the location and type of house thus increasing property price. 2.3 Planning system in Malaysia Planning activities mainly fall into three broad categories such as forward planning, which mainly involve the preparation and updating of regional strategies, county structure plans, and local plans. According to Bramley, Barlett, and Lambert (1995), development control which involves local planning authorities responding to applications for the right to undertake specific developments from land owners or developers implementation, which involves direct industrial, commercial or housing development by or involving public authorities. As mentioned by Dale and Mclaughlin (1999), there are two basic approaches to regulating how land is developed and used. This can be by way of legislation applying to all properties uniformly, or by way of a permit system in which a property owner must make application at the time of a proposed development. According to Sukuran and Ho (2008), town planning system is principally a system of preventive control of various land uses patterns where upon the controlling authority would not allow any approval for development activity if adverse impact on surrounding environment were visualize. Town and country planning has been called urban and regional planning, land use planning, and city planning or physical plan in different countries. Town planning is therefore not mere layout plans of residential, industrial commercial or recreational activities, but a combination of components and elements which help to make the complete living, working and play environment which determines the quality of life its residents. Above are town planning concepts and principles which have taken into consideration by a planner in the preparation for planning submission for property development in general and specifically in Malaysia. Malaysian town planning system consists of development plans and development control procedures that include consistent matters for planning considerations (Lee et al., 1990 and Bruton, 2007). The development plans under Malaysias Town and Country Planning Act,1976 consists of a Structure Plan prepared at state level and Local plans prepare at local levels The structure plan consists of written statement formulation a States Policy and general proposals for the development use of land in the State. The Structure Plan suggests direction and approaches on how area in the States could be developed in an appropriate and sustainable manner. According to Tiesdel and Allmendinger (2005), have been carried out which provide empirical evidence of the effects of land-use planning on housing development in Malaysia. Empirical evidence of the effects are demand and supply activity, risk and confidence, financial and information. However, those observed evidences did not sufficiently identify the causes of town planning effects. It is necessary identified the causes of these effects so as to enable town planners and decision makers to make the right choice to avoid undesired outcomes. Planning is regarded as a mechanism for the government to exercise its control on the urban development process. There are theories which advocate that land use regulations such as zoning and growth controls may affect property market by constraining supply and increasing demand. 2.4 Zoning Definition Zoning is well known as a key instrument in planning regulation which is environmental regulation in its broadest sense. It establishes the tone of neighbourhood and raises average property values. Zoning is changed from agriculture to another class this can mean a higher property value and more value for your investment. If the class is changed to argriculture then the property value may drop, causing you to lose money on your investment. Even planning systems without specific zoning regulations have contained elements of zoning such as government description and restrictions of rights over land within certain spatial limits (Willhelm, 1962 and Hagman, 1973). In general, zoning has a dual character such as assigning exclusive property rights and as a planning instrument which attenuates private property rights over the most valuable uses of land. Zoning as a non-contractual obligation imposed by town planners was legally introduced into Malaysia by the Town Planning Act 1976. Zoning regulations not only determine the type of use, they also regulate land and structure characteristics such as lot size, set back and building height (Pogdzinski and Sass, 1991). It is important for residential, commercial, agriculture or even industrial area such as manufacturing factory and raw material processing company to have well connected and convenient infrastructure. This will ease transporting of goods, communication or even travelling. 2.2.1 Types of Zoning Zoning seeks to protect public health, safety and welfare by regulating the use of land and controlling the type, size and height of buildings.ÂÂ   Some goals of early zoning codes were to prevent overcrowding and limit incompatible uses. Referring to Raymond (2000), the zoning helps the development areas to have less environmental complaints and higher economic values. According to Ed. Shirelle Phelps and Gale Cengage (2003) there are four different types of zoning districts. The types included in an area will depend on the complexity of the townships or countys development problem. 2.2.1.1 Residential Zoning Residential zoning may be established in several categories depending on the type of development already established or anticipated. Factors that must be considered are density of population , existing and proposed streets and utilities, variety of housing types and variety of housing price groupings. Residential zoning can include single family residences, suburban homestead, or any number of other designation which cover homes, apartments, condominiums mosque, community center and parks. 2.2.1.2 Commercial Zoning Commercial zoning usually has several categories include office buildings, shopping centers, nightclubs, hotels, certain warehouses, some apartment complexes as well as vacant land that has the potential for development into these types of buildings. The availability of parking may affect the type of commercial zoning that is permitted. 2.2.1.3 Industrial Zoning Like commercial zoning, industrial zoning can be specific to the type of business. Environmental factors including noise concerns usually are issues in determining into which industrial level a business falls. Manufacturing plants and many storage facilities have industrial zoning. Certain business such as airports may warrant their own designation. Industrial zoning is often dependent upon the amount of lot coverage which is the land area covered by all buildings on a lot and building height. Industrial zone include manufacturing factory such as light, medium and heavy factories 2.2.1.4 Agricultural Zoning Agricultural zoning is generally used by communities that are concerned about maintaining the economic viability of their agricultural industry. Agricultural zoning typically limits the density of development and restricts non-farm uses of the land. In many agricultural zoning ordinances, the density is controlled by setting a large minimum lot size for a residential structure. Densities may vary depending upon the type of agricultural operation. Agricultural zoning can protect farming communities from becoming fragmented by residential development Mayer and Somerville (1999), they concluded the land-use regulation such as zoning and growth control has significant effects on both of the new development and responsive of local supply to price shock. This showing there will be a price different depending on types of zoning. 2.3 Factors affecting Residential Property Value Property value is dependent upon many characteristics associated with that property such as physical characteristics of property such as location of the site in relation to employment centres and other recreational facilities. In addition the social and economic characteristics of neighbourhood, including the presence of such amenities as view, parks, schools and community services affect value. Rosen (1974) explains that a property includes lots of factors and these are totally show in property prices. Buyers and sellers consider these factors separately before making decision for the purchase and of the property. In order to understand the weighting for the different factors, hedonic modelling was used to explain how each factors made up the prices of the residential market. According to Malpezzi (2003), the method of hedonic modelling can used as calculation in expenditures on housing. Hedonic can be measurable on prices and quantities so as to make possible judgement and predictions of properties between identical and different residential in different areas. Sibel (2008) noted the results of the hedonic model reveal that water system, pool, type of house, number of rooms, house size, locational characteristic and type of the building are the most significant variables that affect the property prices. In order to assess the impact of the planning system on the property market, Hui and Ho (2003) shows the model which investigate the effect of the land-use planning system on house prices in Hong Kong. The model first determines the demand and supply equations to establish the market at equilibrium level. Based on the research, the model analysed planning system variables such as usable floor area (UFA), land supply (LS), residential gross floor area under planning applications (GA), residential zones (RZ) and green belt or open space (GB) and approval rate of planning applications (AR) relationship to house prices (HP). Using stepwise regression for a three-year period the result that the significance of approval rate of the planning applications supports the view that development control maintain the structure of housing supply in a way which may change the equilibrium price of housing. Tables 1 show parts of the literatures that identified attributes influencing property value. Researchers Determinant Joslin, 2005 Location, Age Size Kauko, 2003 Location, Shopping Centers, Highway , Parks, Metro Neighbourhood characteristics Paz,2003 GDP, Level of income, Migration, Construction Activity, Economics Activity Purchasing Power Wong, Hui Seabrooke, 2003 Interest Rate Case Shiller, 2003 Number of Employment Han,Yu, Malone-Lee, Basuki, 2002 Land Area, Parks CBD McCluskey,Deddis,Lamont Borst,2000 Location Blackey,1999 Change in tax policy, Age composition of the population Rate of household formation Meen Andrew, 1998 Income, real interest rates, Nominal interest rates, General level of prices, Household wealth, Demographic Variables, Tax structure Financial liberalization Cheshire Sheppard, 1998 Location, Level of income, Population, Transport, Policy Neighbourhood characteristics Lenk, Worzala Silva, 1997 Number of bathrooms, Number of bedrooms, Age of house, Lot size Basement area, Total area of house, Number of fire place Number of car garages Table 1 : Main Factors Influencing Property Value Source : Ge and Du, 2007 Few factors can affect residential property values such as infrastructure facilities, locational factors, physical factors, legislative factors and demographic factors. 2.3.1 Infrastructure Facilities Viable and good infrastructure will be the basic foundation for development of housing projects. Infrastructure facilities include basic public amenities including transportation which will ensure timely delivery of service and goods. Main amenities such as electricity, telephone and water will affect the residential property value. (Rosman,1988). Comprehensive infrastructure will ensure the value of the property. Lacking this public facility could be construed as a sign of planning deficiency or even planning blight. The model presented in Antunes et al. (2009) assumes that the infrastructure network does not change during the whole planning period. Yet, the topology of the transportation network may have a strong influence on the location decisions. A study of the influence of transport on house prices was examined by So et al. (1997) noted that the major risk of using hedonic price regression is the presence of the multicollinearity between housing attributes and the resulting insecurity of estimates. 2.3.2 Location Factors The factor of location is very important in the determination of property values. Location is very unique as two adjacent sites may command different values depending on underlying factors of accessibility, physical terrain, size and configuration etc. Turner (1990) that the three most significant influences on property value are location, location and location. Royal LePage (2003) emphasises strongly on location and type of mortgage debt financing as principal factors affecting the market value of listed property. Location has a major influence in terms of proximity to centres of interest, traffic congestion, crime levels, level of cleanliness or scenic beauty of the environment, infrastructure services and social amenities, security and planning laws. On the other hand, the type of mortgage can affect the property value either up or down depending on the amount, terms and conditions applicable, rates of interests and method of repayment. Location theory stated that property value decrease when the location is situated far away from town center. Whereas, property which are located within town center are high in demand and the property value will increased. Nelson (1958) emphasis about higher property value exists in good locations. Town center areas activities such as economy, social and property market. According to Khan (1977) stated that land situated near town center have stiff competition usage. The further the location form town centers, the value of property will decrease due to low demand. (Zulkifli. 1995) Kryvobokov (2007) modelled the property market of the most important location attributes influencing values in well-developed foreign real estate markets and use this list in Ukraine. Using experimental evidence of developed property markets, the meta-analysis is applied to extract location attributes and weigh their importance. Results suggest that it is possible to substantiate location attributes, which influence market value for different real estate types. Location factors influences on neighbourhood and access appear to be dominating location. 2.3.2.1 Surrounding Areas and neighbourhood Development According to Babcoak (1932) and Tan (1997), the future of residential property depends on the development planning in the area located. Surrounding areas developments are interconnected especially in economic activities namely Neighbourhood areas. For example, residential property which includes commercial industries will have added advantages especially in the property value. Surrounding development refer to the activities within the neighbourhood areas which could give positive effects or negative effects to a particular property. For example, residential houses located nearby industrial areas will be affected by pollution, noises, congestion and heavy traffic. The value of the residential houses will be lower due to the lack of interest of buyers when such situation occurs. (Zulkifli, 1995). Rosiers et al., (2000) noted that neighbourhood and access factors influences between both series as to achieve most select model design with minimum information loss. Its aim is to explain property prices on the basis of physical and neighbourhood related characteristics. Using hedonic model on property information are located using geodetic co-ordinates, which are integrated into MapInfo GIS. Variety of data such as schools, universities, colleges, shopping centres, remote sensing images, street grids, road, highway networks and power lines are located using relevant system. Results shows that model have greatly improved with location and access factor influence in property values. It suggests that the factor analysis used is highly efficient at sorting access and neighbourhood attributes. The method provides useful approaching the housing market. 2.3.3 Physical Factor Physical factors refer to the physical characteristics of a property. A physical characteristic is different in residential property with other property types. Differences in physical characteristics of the residential property itself may cause differences in value. 2.3.3.1 Building Features In terms of size and number of rooms were perceived as the most significant factors influencing the value of residential property. Next to these is the aesthetic appeal include design, finishes, etc. It was surprising to note that these aspects were accorded high priority over running and maintenance costs and the age of building or obsolescence. This could be as a result of the reported poor maintenance culture of most developing countries (ADB, 2005). Physical elements of property differ from physical elements of another property. Such difference could result towards the value of the property. Physical elements cover land size, floor area, location and type of property. ( Hamid, 2005) Referring to Creedy and Wall (1979) stated that size of lots or buildings could influence the value of property. The size of lots or buildings has positive impacts on the value of property. The bigger floor area of residential houses the higher the value. In norm, bungalow lots or houses are higher in value compared to teres houses due to bigger land and floor areas. 2.3.3.2 Age and Condition of Repair Changes in taste and fashion in new design houses tend to reduce the value of older houses. Besides, the condition of repair must be considered as the cost of putting the property into a satisfactory state of repair now and the cost of maintenance cost in future. Therefore, age and the condition of repair are proved to be negatively related to property value. All else being equal, older houses have experienced greater depreciation (Radriguez et al., 1994; Raymond and Peter, 2000). 2.3.4 Demographic Factors Demographic factors are primary derives of the real estate market. Demographic factors include population growth and income levels. 2.3.4.1 Population Growth Refer to Tse and Webb (1999) the growth of urban population through migration and urbanisation. Increase of population whether locally or migration of others will increase the economics of an area. Such situation will increase the residential property value when the demands exceed supply especially in goods and services which will encourage investors to participate actively in an area. Increase of population in an area will result in the demand for land. When there is an increase of population in an area, the economic activities will increase in tandem with the demand (De Wang, 1999). Increased economic activities will result in the demand for residential property market. Current usage of land will be converted into intensive land usage. The changes of intensive land usage will increase the economic activities to be productive and resulted in the property market value to rise due to the increase of population. 2.3.4.2 Income Levels According to (Gallimore, Fletcher and Carter, 1996) households which have the same tastes and income tend to live within the same area. Therefore the size of households, income, age, education levels and the availability and cost of mortage , financing have to be included in affecting the types of housing and the values. High-income residents will seek out a part of city that may offer leisure facilities, parks, amenities and the most convenient form of transportation and infrastructure. This also expose that the proximate and relevant influences on the property are related to the same influences operating on other properties in the neighbourhood. Spatial segregation refers to the residential separation of sub-groups within a wider population which could be associated primarily with racial groups, ethnicity, religious beliefs or income status (Johnston et al., 1983). 2.3.5 Legislation Factors Value of properties is determine by the importance of properties itself. A person would be subject on buying properties mainly is because subject is aware of the importance of properties to self. The right of property owner to be guarenteed with the enforcement of law. However these rights are controlled by the provisions of the law. This will indirectly or indirectly affect the price of property. Among the legal provisions that affect the property values are restrictions interest and tenure of land. 2.3.5.1 Restriction Interest Restriction interest is bind on right upon the importance which contained in the ownership document. Restriction interest is introduced by state government. There are two types of interest towards ownership right, bumiputra and non-bumiputra. Bumiputra mean person who owned Malaysia citizenship and included in group of original in Malaysia and Malay race. Restriction interest bring meaning where lot from bumiputra only can be exchanged towards another indigenous and not to other. Properties without this restriction can be freely exchange to others. Bumiputera lot suffer less affect from property value comparing to property with no restriction interest. 2.3.5.2 Tenure of Land Tenure of land had been distributed into two categories such as Freehold and Leasehold. Duration for each category are 99 years , 66 years and 20 years. Tenure of land showed that it is importance and owner rights in the property. There are two types of tenure such as Freehold and Leasehold. Freehold means the owner can have their property for whole lifetime. Besides that, leasehold is given limited years to the owner to own the property. Freehold tenure has a higher of value in property. (Norhaya, Dzullkarnian, Ibrahim et.al, 2010). Referring to Kestens et al. (2006) introduce household-level data into hedonic models in order to measure the heterogeneity of implicit prices the previous tenure status of the buyers. 2.4 Conclusion Based on discussion that have been made, clearly shows that there are many factors that affect residential property values in general can be divided as infrastructure facilities, locational factors, physical factors, legislative factors and demographic factors. Each factor contributed to their forming value in the property. Therefore, the research will focus on impacts of planning and development in residential property value. Overseas literature considers that planning also has a significant impact on housing market by affecting locations, neighbourhood, environmental and population growth. Based on discussion that have been made, clearly shows that there are many factors that affect residential property values in general can be divided as infrastructure facilities, locational factors, physical factors, legislative factors and demographic factors. Each factor contributed to their forming value in the property. How do these factors really contribute to Senai development? In order to go international at a fast phase, infrastructure is a must. Therefore, a huge reserve area in Senai is place under infrastructure; ease of excess from factory to the world is the main concern of government. Although named as transit town, but most of the area is not yet under development until federal government decided to expand its potential. With the amount of land and strategic location at south, it can be our second industrial doorway to other country other than Penang. This will evenly distribute industries among north and south of Malaysia. Modern design with end edge technology is the concept for the coming SHTP (Senai High Tech Park), this will be one of the physical attraction for investor.

Employment at Will Doc Essay

During the nineteenth century a legal rule was developed giving employer’s unfettered power to â€Å"dismiss their employees at will for good cause, for no cause or for cause morally wrong, without being thereby guilty of a legal wrong. † (Halbert, 2012, p. 49). This legal rule is commonly known as Employment-At-Will and ultimately the employer has the rights to sever the employer-employee relationship at any given time for any given reason and whether or not the employee thinks wrongful separation. It is a topic that is debated for many years and in today’s current economy and unemployment rate steadily increasing â€Å"Employment-at-will† is a doctrine that is being used more frequently as employers experience their present day lows. Employers however have to keep in mind the other that in 1960, federal civil rights laws created remedies against employers who fire workers because of their race, national origin, color, religion, sex, age, or disability (Halbert, 2012, p. 9). Later, in 1970s and 1980s, federal and state statutes include protection from retaliation for employees who report violations of environmental or workplace safety laws and those individuals are commonly known as â€Å"whistleblowers†. In essence, whistle blowers are typically long term, highly loyal employees who feel strongly that their company should do the right thing, because in the wave of scandal with major firms such as Enron and World. Com; Congress enacted corporate fraud reform legislation which provides provisions to protect those who report financial misconduct in publicly traded companies. This law is known as Sarbanes-Oxey, or SOX (Halbert, 2012, p. 50). In this assignment the scenario begins as a manager and supervisor of an accounting department, discuss the following issues related to the employment-at-will doctrine and liability of an employer based on actions and responses to the employee’s behavior and actions. Jennifer, a recent graduate, has recently been hired by your accounting firm out of college. Upon being hired, she engages in a number of different behaviors that need your attention. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving skills, competence, and abilities: †¢The employee seems to be unable to learn the computer applications that are basic to her job responsibilities, but, consistently â€Å"tells† her boss that she is â€Å"a good worker and a genius† and that he does not â€Å"appreciate her†. Even after a few months of training and support, she is unable to use the computer tools to be productive and efficient in completing the required tasks. Employers must first determine was this employee given adequate training, support and feedback while employed. However, feedback can include a performance management plan (PMP) where it measures an employee’s strengths, weaknesses, to the goals and expectations of the company and expectations of the position. If the action plan of re-training, possibly one on one coaching/mentoring are options for this employee and the employee is still not able to grasp the scope of her job duties; it may be a situation where in this scenario the employer can practice employment at will especially after exhausting all methods to help this employee gain as much knowledge that was assumed she was bringing to the company, the employer now may relinquish the employer-employee relationship for good, bad or for no cause at all. Further, the employer does not hold any legal liability as long as no contract was signed upon employment, however if an employee is unable to perform her job duties, the employer does not have much choice than to end employment. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving management, behavior, and performance: †¢In this scenario, an employee tends to burst into a rage when criticized and is frequently late to work as noticed by her boss and other staff members. When her boss attempts to address her behavioral issues and the company late policy, the employee’s response is that she â€Å"knows her rights and what to do† if she is wrongfully discharged. She also says she took a business law class in undergrad that taught her â€Å"everything she needs to know about exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine and wrongful discharge in violation of public policy†. Clearly, if this employee has a tendency to have outbursts of rage when criticized this should always have a second party as a witness, along with proper documentation of all verbal reprimands, written warnings reprimands regarding the company’s late policy. We all know that when an employee is considering termination, you need to follow a defined process for best results (Kermit, 2012). There may be a valid reason for her tardiness, however, if the said employee stated she took business law classes in her undergraduate studies she should know full well employment at will outweighs wrongful termination if she was constantly late, violating company policy and warned her job could be in jeopardy, the employer can still choose to terminate employment. Maybe instead of the employee having outbursts, have her to explain the specific reasons for being late and these emotional outbursts because workplace hostility is not tolerated. Maybe the employer can offer her the Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which is a support services program to help balance work and life, maybe she has child care issues or lives in a household with only one vehicle, possibly advising her to seek employment within the company with a more flexible schedule. At any rate, this employee has been warned, given support and the problem still remains, the employer must then choose to use Employment At Will doctrine to separate the employee from employment but just as an employer can separate the employee from employment, so can an employee separate themselves from the employer as well; as the definition remains the same â€Å"employment at will†. Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving labor and laws: †¢The employee takes a day off from work, without management consent, for her religious holiday observance that falls on a day that is during â€Å"tax season†. The day off occurred during an incredibly busy period for the company during which the employer had notified all employees they were not allowed to take off without prior management approval. Also, there is no labor union for accountants. However, she begins talking to her co-workers during lunch breaks and sometimes during regular work hours, encouraging them to organize and form a union to â€Å"protect ourselves†. Based upon the federal civil rights laws enacted in the 1960s, there are legal liabilities for dismissal of an employee based on race, national origin, color, religion, sex, age or disability (Halbert, 2012, p. 9). However, an employee cannot take it upon themselves to grant any day off, whether or not they have acquired leave to use for the day out of work. This could be a policy violation and considered a no call any show for work because you decided to take an authorized day off. Management has already expressed â€Å"all hands on deck† for their busiest season and discouraged employees from taking any days off during this time. However, if prior notification had been communicated to the employer of her religious holiday observance, her day off may have been approved. However, she clearly not just violated a policy but disturbed the flow of production and this can cause separation from employment as well but this employee should have sought other alternatives than to authorize her own day off. Also, the employer would need to be very careful before considering termination, due to her attempts to form unions; as early adjustments to the employment –at-will doctrine was made as workers fought for the right to organize and form unions. The U. S. Supreme Court declared that an employer could not use Employment –At – Will to intimidate or coerce its employee with respect to their self -organization; which means an employee cannot be terminated as punishment for attempting to organize a union (Halbert, 2012, p. 49). This employee may have a chance to remain employed in this scenario due to the â€Å"religious holiday observance† issue, however should be reprimanded for no call no show, written up and added to her employee file so there is proper documentation if she decides to authorize her next day off as discipline action to termination can occur. Also, if the employer can also practice â€Å"The Good Faith† covenant, which can be interpreted in different ways meaning that termination must be for cause to meaning that termination cannot be made in bad faith or with malice intended (Muhl, 2001) Describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving policies and procedure. †¢The employee’s supervisor consistently asks her out on dates; the employee initially refuses to go out on a date with her supervisor. The employee later discusses the issue with her girlfriend who encourages her to accept his offers. During her new employee orientation, the employee was informed of the company policy which prevented employees from dating their supervisor and was given an employee handbook with the written policy. The employee and her supervisor later begin having a consensual relationship. Often times, employers have to make their employees constantly aware of certain policies and procedures within the workplace. They will have prepared documents as reminders of these internal policies involving securities, workplace violence, and sexual harassment just to name a few. These documents are required to be read and sign as acknowledgement that you fully understand and will be incompliance. In many companies fraternizing is not allowed within the workplace this information should have been advised by written policy in the company’s handbook and or during employee orientation but it is very important this type of relationship be deterred as it could result in sexual harassment case and lawsuits can be formulated. Workplace relationships are risky as they can cause unnecessary conflict and affect not only the work environment but jeopardize one’s areer. At any rate, ethics plays an important role in this scenario and must be considered before entering into any type of workplace relationship.